Diario Etnografico Expo 2015 – Note dal Campo del 18/12/14

Edda Orlando • December 18, 2014

Edda Orlandi   Università degli Studi di Milano

WP_20141218_10_32_41_Pro Immediatamente dopo il mio arrivo ho subito notato la costruzione di due nuovi tipi di manufatti edilizi di cui non si trova traccia nella letteratura antropologica milanesiana. Si può dunque ipotizzare che si tratti di innovazioni recentemente acquisite dall’esterno grazie al contatto con ignote popolazioni straniere. Anche se mi sfugge il legame con l’Expo 2015 mi pare di intuire, dai discorsi dei nativi, che si tratta di migliorie intraprese nel gruppo dei villaggi di Milano che hanno qualche connessione con questo evento.

Tali manufatti sono costituiti da alte torri (“grattacieli” nel linguaggio locale) e strade rosse (chiamate “piste ciclabili”) percorse da particolari mezzi di trasporto (le “biciclette)”. Dato il loro interesse in quanto recenti introduzioni nella cultura materiale locale ho ritenuto opportuno dedicarvi i miei primi giorni di osservazione partecipante. Ho dunque provveduto ad alloggiarmi in una capanna poco distante dal cantiere dove è in corso la costruzione di una di queste torri, mi sono procurata una “bicicletta” e ho appreso dai nativi come manovrarla e starvi in equilibrio. A dispetto di quella che a prima vista sembra un’impresa che richiede estrema perizia, sono stata in grado di apprenderne i rudimenti nel giro di pochi giorni. Il principio è infatti simile a quello della nostra canoa: finché ti muovi, non ti ribalti. Sono pienamente soddisfatta della scelta del mio alloggio, che mi permette di osservare i lavori di costruzione delle torri in corso. Si noti peraltro che l’importanza della costruzione è evidente per il fatto che il suo monitoraggio è affidato agli anziani del villaggio (nel linguaggio locale “i Veget che guarden gli Alter laurà”), i quali passano lunghe ore a scrutare e commentare i cantieri. La mia frequentazione della zona risulta dunque doppiamente proficua, perché avrò modo di interrogare agevolmente i saggi sulle tradizioni locali. Sono meno soddisfatta, invece, del mio uso della bicicletta, che è forse stata una scelta avventata. Benché io mi sia scrupolosamente informata su tutte le regole, i rituali e i tabù connessi chiedendo informazioni ad un Guardiano delle Strade (“ghisa” nel dialetto locale), ogni volta che mi aggiro tra i villaggi in sella a questo mezzo vengo rimbottata dai nativi con frasi come “sti ciclisti fanno sempre quello che vogliono loro!”, “eccone un’altra, non se ne può più…”, quando non vengo direttamente insultata. Stupita da questo comportamento, mi sono informata interrogando i miei vicini di capanna, e ho appreso dell’esistenza di due fazioni all’interno del territorio di Milano.

Queste due fazioni vengono identificate dalla popolazione locale con i sostenitori della costruzione delle torri da un lato, e con i ciclisti dall’altro. Anche se questa rivelazione mi lascia evidentemente compiaciuta per la mia brillante intuizione sull’importanza di questi due fenomeni, temo di essere stata identificata come la sostenitrice di una delle due fazioni (i ciclisti appunto). Maggiore cautela è necessaria d’ora in poi. Queste due fazioni, più precisamente, sono chiamate “la Lobby dei Poteri della Finanza e della Speculazione Edilizia” (i costruttori di torri) e “la Lobby dei Sinistroidi Radical-chic” (i ciclisti). Si noti tuttavia che la gran parte della popolazione locale non simpatizza né con gli uni né con gli altri, mentre le élite locali si esprimono positivamente sia nei confronti delle torri che delle biciclette, sia pure ostentando estraneità nei confronti di entrambe le parti. Bisogna dire inoltre che, per quanto le due fazioni vengano generalmente descritte come rivali, non mancano informatori che le accusano di essere in realtà in combutta tra loro. La faccenda merita senz’altro di essere investigata più approfonditamente. È indubbio, ad ogni modo, che questo costituisca un esempio lampante di come innovazioni di tale portata nella cultura materiale di una popolazione primitiva si accompagnino sempre a grandi rivolgimenti nella vita della comunità, e siano al tempo stesso occasioni attorno a cui si condensano interessi e conflitti preesistenti, che ne risultano esacerbati.

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